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Masonry

Concrete Block Calculator

Blocks, mortar and core-fill grout for a CMU wall — from the manufacturer's published yields, with the arithmetic shown so you can check it against your own takeoff.

ft
ft
sq ft

Total area of doors and windows, subtracted before the count. A 3 ft × 7 ft door is 21 sq ft. Leave it at 0 for a solid wall.

Width does not change the block count — every standard unit presents the same 8 × 16 in face, so 1.125 blocks per square foot holds for all of them. It does change the grout in a core, and QUIKRETE publishes core-fill coverage for the 8 in unit only.

Grouting

Partial fills only the cores holding vertical reinforcement. Solid fills every core in the wall. Which one you need comes from your engineer or your local code, not from here.

Cores sit on 8 in centres, so these are the spacings a two-core unit can actually hit. 16 in fills one core per block, 32 in one core every second block.

Coarse carries pea gravel and suits an open grout space; fine is sanded only and is what ASTM C476 calls for where the space is narrow or crowded with steel.

%

Adjustable, and applied to the block count only. It covers units cracked in handling and corner cuts that leave an unusable offcut. A plain rectangle with no openings beats it; a wall full of jambs does not.

Order

189

blocks

14 bags mortar · 15 bags grout

The working

Wall: 20 × 8 = 160.0 sq ft

Net of openings: 160.0 sq ft

Blocks: 160.0 × 1.125 = 180.0

+ 5% breakage, rounded up = 189 blocks

Mortar: 180.0 ÷ 13 per bag = 13.85 → 14 bags

Grouted cores: 90 of 360

Grout: 90 × 0.1083 cu ft = 9.75 cu ft

9.75 ÷ 0.65 per bag = 15.00 → 15 bags (1365 lb)

Planning estimate only. Check the result against current product instructions, local requirements, and your own takeoff. See the calculator disclaimer.

The block count is the easy part

Every concrete block calculator agrees on 1.125 blocks per square foot, and every one of them is right, because it is not an estimate at all. ASTM C90 sizes a hollow unit at 7-5/8 by 15-5/8 inches precisely so that the block plus one 3/8 inch mortar joint lands on a round 8 by 16 inches of wall. Divide one square foot by 0.8889 and you get 1.125. There is no judgement in it and no supplier variation to worry about.

What separates a useful takeoff from a useless one is everything after that number. How many bags of mortar. How much grout, if the wall is reinforced. Whether the figure you are quoting is a manufacturer's published yield or something a calculator author reverse-engineered and rounded. That is where most of the pages competing for this search quietly stop citing anything, and it is the part this tool takes seriously.

Read the words around the mortar figure

QUIKRETE's data sheet for Mortar Mix says an 80 lb bag "will lay up to 37 standard bricks or 13 standard (8 in by 8 in by 16 in) blocks." Nearly every site repeating that 13 drops the words up to, and the two versions mean different things. Thirteen is what a bag achieves with a tight, consistent joint and no waste on the board — a ceiling, not a mean. Buttering generously, working in heat that stiffens the mud, or throwing away what goes off before it is used all push the real number down.

There is a second thing that figure quietly assumes: an 8 inch wide unit. Bed joints run the full width of the block, so a 12 inch unit takes half again as much mortar per course as an 8 inch one, and the published 13 does not know that. This calculator applies the yield as published and tells you what it applies to, rather than inventing a width correction that QUIKRETE has never printed.

Where the per-core grout volume comes from

Grout is quoted by the bag, but a wall is grouted by the core, so something has to connect the two. QUIKRETE publishes both halves: an 80 lb bag of Core-Fill Grout Coarse yields 0.65 cubic feet, and it fills the cores of approximately three standard blocks. Three blocks at two cores each is six cores, so a core holds about 0.108 cubic feet. That is the number driving the grout output, and the working shows the division rather than hiding it.

Because cores sit on 8 inch centres, reinforcement spacing maps cleanly onto a count of filled cores: 16 inches on centre is one core per block, 32 inches is one core every second block, 48 inches is one in three. Solid grouting fills all of them. That relationship is why the spacing dropdown offers the multiples it does — a two-core unit physically cannot put steel at 20 inches on centre.

What this will not tell you

It will not tell you whether your wall needs reinforcement, what size bar, at what spacing, or whether it must be solidly grouted. Those are engineering and code questions, they vary by seismic and wind region, and a calculator that answered them would be doing something genuinely dangerous. Bring the spacing from your drawings; the tool will turn it into a quantity. Once you have the bar schedule, the rebar calculator handles lineal feet, lap splices and weight.

It also will not give you a core-fill quantity for 6, 10 or 12 inch units, because the published coverage figure names the 8 inch block and nothing else. Scaling it by width would produce a confident-looking number with no source behind it, sitting on the same page as figures that do have one — which would make the sourced figures worth less. Block count and mortar still work for every width. For the grout, ask your unit manufacturer for the net cross-sectional area.

For a mortared wall in clay brick rather than block, the brick calculator uses the Brick Industry Association quantity tables instead, and for the footing under all of this the concrete bag calculator covers bagged mixes.

Sources

Grouped by manufacturer or publisher, then by document. Expand a group for the cited document, its verified-on date, and every value taken from it — all of it stays in the HTML either way.

Quikrete(7 documents, 7 values)
Trade conventions(1 document, 1 value)
Other sources(2 documents, 2 values)

Frequently asked questions

How many concrete blocks do I need per square foot?

1.125 blocks per square foot of wall, and that figure is exact rather than a rule of thumb. A unit sold as nominal 8 × 8 × 16 actually measures 7-5/8 in by 15-5/8 in, sized so the block plus one 3/8 in mortar joint occupies precisely 8 × 16 in of wall. That face is 0.8889 sq ft, and one divided by 0.8889 is 1.125. It holds for 6, 8, 10 and 12 in wide units too, because only the face governs the count — the width changes what goes inside the wall, not how many units cover it.

How many blocks does a bag of mortar lay?

QUIKRETE publishes 13 standard 8 × 8 × 16 blocks per 80 lb bag of Mortar Mix, and the identical figure for Mason Mix. Read the wording carefully, though: the data sheet says a bag will lay "up to" 13 blocks. That is a ceiling under good conditions with a disciplined joint, not a number you should build a purchase order around with no margin. It is also published for the 8 in unit — a 12 in block has a wider bed joint and will eat more mortar per unit than the figure suggests.

How much grout does it take to fill a concrete block?

QUIKRETE states that one 80 lb bag of Core-Fill Grout fills the cores of approximately 3 standard 8 × 8 × 16 blocks, yielding 0.65 cubic feet in the coarse grade and 0.68 in the fine. Since a standard unit has two cores, that works out to roughly 0.108 cubic feet per core. This calculator derives the per-core figure from those two published numbers rather than quoting a core volume from nowhere, and it shows the derivation in the working.

Why does this calculator refuse to give me a grout figure for 12 inch block?

Because QUIKRETE does not publish one. Their core-fill coverage statement names the 8 × 8 × 16 unit explicitly, and no equivalent figure exists for 6, 10 or 12 in units on the data sheet or the product page. We could scale the 8 in number by width and it would look authoritative, but core geometry does not scale linearly — web thickness and taper vary by manufacturer. For those widths, get the net cross-sectional area from whoever makes your units. Block count and mortar are unaffected and still shown.

What is the difference between fine and coarse core-fill grout?

Coarse grout contains pea gravel; fine grout is sanded only. ASTM C476 governs which one is permitted, and it comes down to how much room the grout has to travel — a narrow grout space, or one congested with reinforcement and lap splices, needs fine grout because coarse aggregate will bridge and leave voids. Fine also yields slightly more per bag, 0.68 cubic feet against 0.65, since there is no coarse aggregate displacing paste.

Do I grout every core or only the reinforced ones?

That is a structural decision and this page will not make it for you. A partially grouted wall fills only the cores containing vertical steel; a solidly grouted wall fills all of them, which is sometimes specified for fire rating, sound, blast or simply because closely spaced steel makes partial grouting slower than solid. Cores sit on 8 in centres, so a spacing of 32 in on centre fills one core in every second block. Take the spacing off your drawings.